Industrial Relations free essay sample

To build up an appropriate channel of correspondence. 5. To expand the assurance and control of the representatives. 6. To protect the interests of the work just as the board by making sure about the most significant level of common comprehension and altruism between all segments in an industry. 7. To keep away from all types of mechanical clashes in order to guarantee modern harmony by giving better living and working principles for the laborers. 8. To realize government command over such modern units which are running at a misfortune for securing the vocation of the workers. Significance of Industrial Relations: 1. Continuous Production: The most significant advantage of modern advantages is that it guarantees congruity of creation. This implies ceaseless work for all included right from administrators to laborers. There is continuous progression of pay for all. Smooth running of businesses is significant for makers, if their items are short-lived products and to customers if the merchandise are for mass utilization (fundamental wares, food grains and so forth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Modern Relations or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ). Great mechanical relations bring modern harmony which thusly will in general increment creation. 2. Decrease in Industrial debates: Good Industrial relations lessen Industrial questions. Strikes, complaints and lockouts are a portion of the impressions of Industrial agitation. Mechanical harmony helps in advancing co-activity and expanding creation. In this way great Industrial relations help in building up Industrial majority rules system, discipline and a favorable working environment condition. 3. High assurance: Good Industrial relations improve the resolve of the representatives and inspire the specialist laborers to work more and better. 4. Decreased wastage: Good Industrial relations are kept up based on co-activity and acknowledgment of ach other. It assists with lessening wastage of material, labor and expenses. 5. Adds to financial development and advancement. Reasons for poor Industrial Relations: 1. Financial causes: Often poor wages and poor working conditions are the primary driver for unfortunate relations among the board and work. Unapproved findings from compensati on, absence of incidental advantages, nonattendance of advancement openings, flawed impetus plans are other monetary causes. Different foundations for Industrial clashes are deficient framework, destroyed plant and apparatus, poor format, unsuitable support and so on . Hierarchical causes: Faulty correspondences framework, out of line rehearses, non-acknowledgment of worker's organizations and work laws are likewise some different reasons for poor relations in industry. 3. Social causes: Uninteresting nature of work is the fundamental social reason for poor Industrial relations. Disappointment with employment and individual life finishes into Industrial clashes. 4. Mental causes: Lack of professional stability, non-acknowledgment of legitimacy and execution, poor relational relations are the mental purposes behind inadmissible manager worker relations. 5. Political causes: Multiple associations, between association competition debilitate the worker's organizations. Flawed worker's guilds framework winning in the nation has been one of the most dependable aims for Industrial questions in the nation. Proposals to improve Industrial Relations: 1. Sound staff strategies: Policies and methodology concerning the remuneration, move and advancement, and so forth of representatives ought to be reasonable and straightforward. All arrangements and rules identifying with Industrial relations ought to be reasonable and straightforward to everyone in the endeavor and to the association chiefs. 2. Participative administration: Employees should relate laborers and associations in the detailing and usage of HR strategies and practices. 3. Dependable associations: A solid worker's guild is an advantage for the business. Worker's organizations ought to embrace a capable as opposed to political way to deal with mechanical relations. 4. Representative government assistance: Employers ought to perceive the requirement for the government assistance of laborers. They should guarantee sensible wages, agreeable working conditions, and other vital offices for work. The board ought to have an authentic worry for the government assistance and improvement of the common laborers. 5. Complaint technique: A settled and appropriately managed framework focused on the opportune and good redressal of employee’s complaints can be useful in improving Industrial relations. A recommendation plan will assist with fulfilling the innovative inclination of the laborers. 6. Useful disposition: Both administration and worker's guilds should embrace uplifting mentality towards one another. The executives must perceive associations as the representatives of the workers’ complaints and as caretakers of their inclinations. The business ought to acknowledge laborers as equivalent accomplices in a joint undertaking for good Industrial relations. . Making a legitimate correspondence channel to dodge complaints and errors among representatives 8. Instruction and preparing bestowed to the workers What are Industrial Relations? The idea of Industrial relations has been characterized utilizing different wordings, yet in the strictest sense, it is basically the connection amo ng the board and work. The full idea of modern relations is the association and practice of multi-pronged connections among work and the executives, associations and work, associations and the board in an industry. Dale Yoder characterizes it all in all field of connections that exists due to the important joint effort of people in the work procedure of an industry. Job of Industrial Relations: Industrial relations are related with work, the board, trade guilds, and the state. The area of modern relations has developed colossally, and can't be spoken to just by relations among the board and work. It has become a far reaching and all out idea grasping the whole of relationship that exists at different degrees of the hierarchical structure. Moreover, it suggests connections between laborers themselves inside the work class, and relations among the administration inside the administrative class. In an open sense, mechanical relations signify a wide range of relations inside a gathering and outside a gathering both formal and casual relations. Targets of Industrial Relations: 1. Ensure the board and work interests by making sure about common relations between the two gatherings. 2. Evade questions among the executives and work, and make a fitting connection between the gatherings so profitability can be expanded. . Guarantee full business and decrease truancy, subsequently, expanding profitability and benefits. 4. Accentuate work boss organization to set up and keep up mechanical majority rules system. This is done to guarantee the sharing of benefit increases, and individual formative of every one everything being equal. 5. Give better wages and day to day environments to work, so misconceptions among the board and work are decreased to a base. 6. To achieve government command over plants where misfortunes are running high, or where items are created in the open intrigue. 7. To overcome an issue between different open groups and reshape the unpredictable social connections rising out of innovative advances by controlling and teaching individuals, and changing their irreconcilable circumstances. Calculated Model for understanding Industrial Relations Conceptual Model of Industrial Relations Role of State Intervention: State mediation in business is important in a creating nation due to the accompanying reasons: 1. Creating nations need amazing worker's organizations, empowering associations to misuse laborers and even overlook their requests. This is the reason governments need to step in and assume a job in outlining certain parameters of mechanical relations. 2. At the point when the states of workers compound, as well as debates emerge, the administration can't be a quiet spectator. It needs to intercede in the circumstance and attempt to fulfill the two sides by being a preceptor or a delegate, and build up harmony. 3. The government idea of the constitution has caused it basic for the state to mediate in issues of work to guarantee a smooth and persistent activity. The state and the focal governments have built up specific laws that must be trailed by organizations. These are: the Plantations Act of 1952, the Minimum Wages Act of 1948, the Industrial Disputes Act, the Payment of Bonus Act of 1965, the Contract Labor Act of 1970, the Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972, the Bonded Labor System Act and the Remuneration Act of 1978. 4. The Directive Principals of the Constitution charge upon the state to set up a government assistance state and to care for the interests of the more fragile areas of the general public, for instance, the genuinely impaired. Meaning of Mediation and Conciliation Mediation is the idea of making harmony between irritated gatherings. It is an antiquated practice, and is done by a harmony creator. Intervention becomes an integral factor when at least two gatherings meet up to examine their disparities and settle their disparities. Intervention has been utilized among individuals, countries, disputants, work and government, and so forth. A go between, who is a pariah, might be available for settlement of debates. The middle people job is to help the gatherings in their exchanges. Placation Conciliation is commonly the way toward urging the bothered gatherings to meet up for intercession. In modern relations be that as it may, the differentiations between the terms intervention and appeasement are immaterial, and this pattern additionally applies to different nations. Along these lines, appeasement might be characterized as the administrations of an outsider that are utilized in a debate as a methods for helping the questioning gatherings to lessen the degree of their disparities and to show up at a settlement or commonly concurred arrangement. Appeasement will in general carry an expedient answer for mechanical contradictions, consequently, maintaining a strategic distance from superfluous strikes and lock-outs. Job of a

Topic of Strong Opinion Essay

Topic of Strong Opinion EssayAre you looking for essays that are very interesting to write and have a strong opinion? These can be found by looking for the topic of strong opinion. If you are writing for a college essay, you will want your essay to be able to stand out. In order to do this you will need to include the topic of strong opinion on the front of your paper.Strong opinion essays can be written in just about any subject you can think of. If you love soccer, you may want to choose a topic about how soccer affects society. If you love sports, you may want to choose a topic that covers why sports make people happy. With some topic choices it can even be hard to choose one topic to fit all your ideas about a topic.Some topics may not even appeal to you. This is fine. You can always change topics or focus on something else.A topic of strong opinion can be as simple as praising someone in the news. Others may try to blame the weather and the wind. Some topics may discuss things l ike an upcoming election. Others may focus on current events or the situation in which you live in.When writing a topic of strong opinion for college essays you must remember that it must be clear. You want it to not only be interesting but it should also be clear enough so that the reader can understand. You will want the essay to be interesting without being too confusing. You want the topic to be clear so that you can learn from it.If you do not want a topic of strong opinion for your college essay, it is not too late to create one. It is not as hard as you might think. You can find the topic of strong opinion online. You can even use websites that specialize in topics of strong opinion and build them from there.So no matter what you are writing for your college essay, you will be able to find topics of strong opinion to fit your topic. In fact, you should even build up an opinion essay that is full of strong opinions to use for your college essay.

Dualism And Belief That The Mind And Brain Essay - 1201 Words

According to J.P. Moreland in his argument for dualism, he states that humans are composed of both an immaterial substance and a physical substance. Moreland notes that there are contrasting differences between the minds and the brains and that they are ultimately separate entities. By defending dualism, Moreland seeks to make nonbelievers believe in immaterial souls, while discrediting materialism. We can look at the arguments in which Moreland uses to support the argument of dualism and belief that the mind and brain are separate entities. Dualism is defined as a belief that mental occurrences are more than just a physical act. Humans are composed of two kinds of substances which are immaterial and physical. The immaterial substance consists of the mind or soul and the physical substance consists of the body. Moreland attempts to make nonbelievers believe in the immaterial soul by mentioning that there are numerous non-physical entities that we believe in, such as numbers, goodnes s and moral laws. This ultimately leads to the defense of dualism and rejecting the physicalism worldview that is present with those that deny that the mind and body are separate entities. The defense of dualism stems from two questions. First, is a human being composed of just one ultimate component or two? The second asks if the answer is two, how do these two relate to one another? This idea starts Moreland argument for dualism over physicalism. Physicalism is a worldview that states thatShow MoreRelatedGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entityRead MoreThe Argument of Dualism Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages In my mind, dualism is a more attractive view to take when considering the mind-brain issue. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of dualism. One reason it appeals to me is because of my religion, my Catholic upbringing. Introspection is another good reason why dualism is a little more logical to me than materialism.. It logically explains why the mind and brain are separate. Also, the divisibility argument raisesRead MoreIs The Mind Body Problem ?1219 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own single beliefs. One of their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it easier to believe in substance dualism, because of howRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreEssay The Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism I am faced with the philosophical task of defending either dualism or materialism, depending on which one is most attractive to me. So either I support the theory of dualism, which is the belief that there is both a physical and a spiritual state, or I believe in materialism, which is the belief that everything that exists is material or physical. Although I believe materialism to be easier to prove, I find dualism more attractiveRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Dualism1357 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the mind. Perhaps that is why we continue to have so many questions about it. After all, we are trying to understand the entity, or matter that does the understanding in the first place? One fundamental question that has guided this endeavor is, â€Å"what is the mind?† and more specifically, â€Å"what is the mind in relation to the brain?†(Friedenburg Silverman, 2012: 26) Three theories have emerged as the prevailing thoughts in today’s age that try a nd make sense of the mind: monism, dualism and functionalismRead MoreDescartes Dualism And The Mind Body Theory1322 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes’ Dualism Rene Descartes dualism states that the mind and body are separate entities. The mind is a nonphysical, non-spatial substance; the mind and brain are separate existences, the brain is a part of the physical body and serves as a connection between the body and mind. Dualism is a hot topic of argument on whether the theory holds any validity or if it holds any truth. However, Cartesian dualism is a credible theory and has a lot of support to verify it. One major point in DescartesRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesWith the number of brain injury cases observed and the continuous advances in neuroscience, this has proven to be strong evidence in supporting materialism. By defining what Cartesian dualists and materialists mean by the ‘brain’, ‘mind’, ‘body’ and ‘soul’, an argument on behalf of Cartesians dualists will be reached, that responds to evidence concerning brain injuries with the claims that the brain is only ‘an instrument of the soul’. This will lead to the conclusion that there is stronger contemporaryRead MoreRene Descartes Concept Of Dualism And Then Defend My Preferred Alternative Among The Options Paul M. Churchland1513 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of dualism and then defend my preferred alternative among the options Paul M. Churchland discusses. After briefly defining Cartesian Dualism, I will show that its principal merit s are that it is consistent with common sense and that it is able to explain phenomena that appear mental in nature. Next, I will show that its principal challenges are its failure to adequately explain how the mind and the body can causally interact, and its failure to respond to the observation that brain damage impairsRead MoreThe Brain Identity Theory, Logical Behaviorism, And Dualism Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ever stop to think if your thoughts, beliefs, and desires can be described as something physical? The mind-body problem focuses on identifying the relation between the physical and the mental. Physical objects include our body, brain, and much more such as our neurons and the chemicals in our body. When we mention a physical object we can describe it by having properties of texture, shape, color, and size. The mental objects are said to be our beliefs, desires, and emotions. But can these mental

Psych- Intro (Self Reflection) - 2071 Words

Running head: SELF REFLECTION Self Reflection Andre’ Evans Argosy University/Orange County PC6104 Counseling Skills I Dr. Cheryl Sowada-Alvarez December 09, 2008 Self Reflection My experience in the counseling role has increased my confidence over the current semester. I feel that the extensive practice has paid off tremendously. For example, this course has taught me how to formulate a game plan when starting off my sessions. I now have goals which come with a much improved structure format than I had previously. In addition, I am able to have a much clearer perceptive of my feelings where I previously accepted thoughts as feelings. In this self reflection, I will continue to express how my growth experiences that have†¦show more content†¦Another concern that came across my mind is when I have a female client, how will she interpret having a male counselor? My experiences with females have been mixed. First, when having a female client I would want to explore her feelings of having a male therapist. Does the female client have any issues towards men? During this process it will consist of exploring her gender concerns. For example, will opening up to a male on certain issues scary to her? How would she feel opening up to a counselor of a different ethnic group? This thought process has come to my attention from previously encountering issues with women in the past. Some former female clients brought forth issues to work through in which were brought forth through relationships with males that the clients were enduring that time of counseling. Therapeutic Style My gut reaction about my style and way of being during counseling session has changed. For example, certain things came along so natural and others were and are still in transition. In the counseling process certain techniques (e.g., exploring, silence, restatements, and probing questions) with already in my tool kit without even knowing they were skills. Then, other techniques such as guiding the client through insight, immediacy, and homework strategies started of f as challenges. Perhaps, it was just feeling comfortable using these techniques in a more natural way. At first, I kept second guessing myself byShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesConsistency and Inconsistency .......................................................................... 278 Recognizing Inconsistency and Contradiction .............................................................................. 279 Identifying Self-Contradictions and Oxymorons .......................................................................... 285 Inconsistency with Presuppositions ................................................................................................ 287 Refuting

Psychoanalytic Therapy and Behavior Therapy

Question: Discuss about the Psychoanalytic Therapy and Behavior Therapy. Answer: Introduction Mei Ling is seeking counseling for depression, and this is as a result of the thoughts she has been having in the recent past. She has been married for 14 years, and according to her, her husband could divorce her, as he is having an affair. She has been going through some medical examination but no physical symptoms have been seen in the past 4 months. This he has been resulted to the depression diagnosis. She has stated that she has been feeling down and depressed for most of the time. Other than this, she has a lot of difficulty motivating herself, and has had a hard time going to work. Other than this, she has been short-tempered, and has feelings of agitation and has been withdrawing to herself most of the time. Mei Ling experienced the divorce of her parents, and she was 9 years old then. After the divorce, her mother became depressed, and also withdrew from her and her siblings emotionally. According to the Psychoanalytic Therapy model, Mei Lings problem could be based on the subconscious. This is in consideration with the assumptions made in this model. The model establishes that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious (Meichenbaum, 2007). It also indicates that the problems could be caused by unresolved issues during development. In Mei Lings case, therefore, the depression issues could be as a result of the divorce of the parents which she experienced. There are chances that she did not completely recover from the ordeal, and this could be haunting her currently. Case Conceptualization as a counselor Different ways are applied in the consideration of the situation for each individual patient with the application of the psychoanalytic therapy approach. There are, however, several assumptions which one can apply for all situations. The concepts applied in the case of Mei Ling, therefore, are based on these assumptions. The assumptions include the statement that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious. It is also stated that the symptoms are as a result of some hidden disturbances (Hooley, Neale, Davison, 2009). Further, the causes of the psychological issues are as a result of the issu4es that one experienced while growing up which are unresolved. It could also be as a result of repressed trauma by the patient. Treatment in this case aims at bringing the conflicts which are repressed to the surface where the individuals are in a position to work through them. This, therefore, helps these people in dealing with the issues. The participant is helped to work through and understand the conflicts that cause the current situation (O'Donohue, Fisher, 2009). As such, this form of therapy ensures that the participant is on a position to work through all the issues in a deeper way. This is made possible by the fact that an individual is in a position to understand the problems they had in their past. As such, one is able to establish the connection between the past and the current problems in their lives. The concepts in this case, therefore are based on the connection between past issues and present problems. As such, the counselor has to identify the events which could be significant in the individuals life, which could have triggered the current problems. The psychoanalysts in this case, therefore, believe in the effect the events that took place in ones childhood or past events could take place in the present. The unconscious feelings, thoughts, as well as the motivations are known to play a major role in the maladaptive behaviors, as well as the mental illnesses. Techniques used This form of therapy involves one speaking freely of their experiences from childhood, and mentioning all major events (Chapman, 2006). The therapist pays close attention to all these narrations, trying hard to point out all the major events. One gives the information without interruption, and the sessions are driven by insight, where the therapist looks to foster change. The therapist applies some techniques while listening to the individual narrates their life experiences. These techniques are used to help in the identification of the cause for the concerns. One of the techniques is the free association. Under this technique, one says everything that comes to the mind without editing it. The therapist in this case is involved in ensuring that the individual states all that is in their mind freely (Macdonald, 2007). The memories, as well as the ideas come out as clearly as they appear in the mind of the individual. As such, the therapist is in a position to identify the true and rea l information of the participant. Moreover, the individual is in a position to freely express all the feelings and emotions in them. The individual is also assisted in returning to the initial emotional state by speaking out all the concerns. This, in turn, helps the individual to understand the current patterns that cause the conflict within them, and this situation is identified in a clear manner. As such, the therapist is in a position to help the individual go through the conflict. The second technique in this form of therapy is the interpretation. Psychoanalytic therapy involves the application of reading between the lines (Fransella, 2005). During the individual narration of the events and experiences, the therapist interjects the session with thoughts and interpretations of the topics in discussion. At this point the therapist may even ask about the individuals dreams. This is important in understanding the individuals subconscious mind. The third and last technique applied in this form of therapy is the therapeutic transference. Here, the therapist establishes the manner in which the transference relates to some significant people in ones life. These people may include an individual/s parents. This is helpful in identifying the manner in which such people may have impacted on the participants life. As such, one is in a position to get additional insight on the manner in which one deals with people and events and people in their lives. These techniques could be applied in the case of Mei Ling to establish the cause of the problems she is currently going through. According to the therapy, the issues which she went through as a child, could be the cause of the current problems. It has already been established that Mei Ling was only 9 when her parents went through with divorce. As such, she was not in a position to get over the issue of divorce. It is also identified that her mother had a lot of issues after the divorce, and even withdrew from her and her siblings. Being the first born, she had to provide emotional support to her siblings, and also worried about the condition of her mother. This, therefore, is the major cause of her anxiety and the issues she is currently going through. These techniques are, therefore, effective in identifying the cause of all the problems Mei Ling is facing currently. The job of the therapist in his case will be to assist her overcome those issues, seeing that they have already been identified. Multicultural considerations using the theoretical model Narrative theory provides one with the understanding of the numerous complex issues that face diverse people (Dobson, 2010). It is even established that schools find some difficulty in offering counsel to the students due to the cultural differences that are identifiable among the students. This is also the case for the counselors offering guidance and assistance to different participants. Moreover, clinical competency practices are required in the field of mental health due to the differences in the kind of services delivered to diverse ethnic groups. As such, cultural competency is important in offering therapy sessions. It is important for the therapist to consider some multicultural factors when attending to different individuals. Diversity, multiculturalism, as well as cultural competency are significant topics for the past four decades in dealing with mental health issues. For the counselor to have an inclusive approach in the counseling practice, they have to develop multicult ural competencies. This is important to ensure all the diverse backgrounds are considered. Some of the factors that a counselor needs to identify include clients culture, identity, race, gender, ethnicity, as well as other elements of diversity. These are factors that play a major role in the counseling process. Other factors that the counselor should consider during the counseling include spirituality, religion, maturity, socioeconomic class, geographic location, family history, as well as sexual orientation (Burton, 2010). The first step at ensuring cultural differences are not a hindrance to the counseling process is having knowledge of the differences between the counselor and the client. Self-reflection is, therefore, important in the process of becoming a culturally-competent counselor. One should identify the personal view on different issues, and compare them with those of the people different from them. This will be vital in ensuring one is able to identify personal feelings, prejudices, as well as stereotypical ideas that one has about the clients from different cultural backgrounds. Further, it is important for the professional counselor to understand all unique cultural differences in a continual process. As such, the counselor should embrace all the opportunities of gaining new skills from the different clients. Critical evaluation of the counseling session Describe the counseling relationship Counseling does not only involve exploring the core issues and gaining the diverse perspectives on the problems from a psychological perspective. It also involves building a rapport, as well as trust with the counselor (Creek Lougher, 2008). This is important in ensuring that the client feels comfortable enough so as to be in a position to share all the worries in a free manner. The relationship created between the counselor and the client is, therefore, one of the most important aspects in the therapy process. As such, this is the determinant between a positive and a negative counseling experience. To ensure this is done, the counselor must maintain a particular behavior pattern. As such, they must follow some requirements. A counselor should never impose their beliefs on a client, and should maintain impartial and non-judgment. In order for the counselor to ensure that the relationship with the client is effective, they need to ensure that the client to feel comfortable enough to express himself. There must be reciprocal trust, and the counselor has the duty of ensuring that the environment is confidential, and they should also offer empathy, understanding, and respect. As such, the counselor has to ensure that the one of his voice does not affect the relationship (Coetzer, 2006). They should also offer the client adequate time to collect thoughts and express their concerns and difficulties while encouraging the client to relax and talk freely. It is also established that some clients may have difficulty expressing themselves than others. To ensure the relationship is comfortable, the counselor must be aware that such clients require additional sensitivity. One may use open-ended questionnaires to encourage the client to open up. For the relationship between the counselor and the client to be effective, the counselor has to put all these factors into consideration. Role of the counselor The counselor must understand some of the duties that they have prior to getting into a therapy session with the client. The counselor must be likable, and should be in a position to exhibit interpersonal skills. They must also be flexible and able to meet all the needs of every individual by providing person-specific attention (Arkowitz Messer, 2004). Further, a counselor must be in a position to offer multiple sessions where the need arises. The counselor must also exhibit a caring attitude, and have something concrete and applied to offer to the clients. It is also the role of the counselor to offer facilitation to the client of solving the issues in question. They must also show genuine concern, as well as compassion for the dilemmas faced by clients. The counselor must also individualize the interaction with the client depending on the personality type of the client. It is also the duty of the counselor to encourage the client to draw their conclusion on the direction they choo se in resolving the problems. As such, the counselor should challenge the client to formulate a behavioral goal and address the ultimate objective.Bottom of Form Cognitive Behavior Theory The cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of talk therapy. The therapist works in a structured way, where one attends a limited number of sessions (Lemma, 2016). CBT assists one to become aware of all the negative and inaccurate thoughts so as to see the challenging situations. As such, one is in a position to see the situations clearly and analyze them well and respond to them in an effective way. CBT helps one to change the manner in which they think, and the way they behave. The changes help one feel better, as it focuses on the state happening at the moment (Jones-Smith, 2012). Rather than focusing on the events that took place in the past, this form of therapy focuses on the current happenings in ones life. As such, with the application of this form of therapy, the Mei Ling situation would be solved by considering the problems she is currently going through. Mei Ling was seeking counseling for depression. She described her symptoms as feeling down and depressed most of th e time. She also added that she would burst into tears and could not explain the reason. Further, going to work was difficult as she was not in a position to motivate herself. Additionally, she felt agitated, and was on the edge. She also felt short-tempered, and also lacked the strength to interact with other people. According to CBT, it is important to focus on the current issues, rather than looking at the past problems. As such, the problems that Mei Ling is experiencing are as a result of the negative thoughts she has. These thoughts include the feelings that her husband could be having an affair and their marriage could end. As such, the therapist will establish the problem to be as a result of these thoughts. Case Conceptualization as a Counselor Concepts used CBT applies the general concept while restructuring the approach to apply. In this case, the components of cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy are combined to identify a therapeutic structure to use. The practice follows six phases which include the psychological assessment which is the stage where the individuals thoughts are established. The second phase is the reconceptualization which comprises the most significant part of the process. The therapy then follow the third step which is skills acquisition where the skills to be used by the patient are identified (Norcross, Goldfried, 2005). The fourth stage is then followed where the skills are consolidated and training of the participant begins. The fifth step is the generalization and maintenance and in this case the sustenance of the skills possessed by the individual is ensured. Finally, the post-treatment evaluation and follow-up is done on the individual. The other concept used in CBT is the negative cognition where beha vioral-cognitive pathology is applied in tracing the focal point of CBT. The maladaptive behaviors are used as the major targets of the therapy. The CBT disturbances are categorized in three cognition underlying psychological disorders. First, the automatic thoughts of the individual are derived as well as from other people so as to establish the psychological disturbance. Secondly, the rules or immediate beliefs refer to the thoughts which are developed by the patient to the prospect of himself, as well as the other people who guide the person/s behaviors. Lastly, the major beliefs involve the thoughts that are developed by the patient which provide the main target of the therapy. The schemes are considered as the main components which influence ones views and beliefs systems, as well as the internal values. These are also in the determination of ones assumptions on the occurrences that happen in life (Smith, 2012). CBT therapeutic framework is further founded on dysfunctional behaviors which impact on a person/s behavior negatively contributing to the stressors. The cognitive theory also involves three schemes which include the connection of negative schemes. These include the self, the world environment, and the future. The patient views himself in a negative manner, otherwise known as cognitive schemes. First, they have a perception of themselves as helpless, deficient, or even unlovable. Secondly, they have a negative perception of the world, and end up withdrawing from everybody. Finally, they believe that the future will only bring further hardships, as well as deprivation and frustrations. Techniques used CBT follows an approach which is problem-based, where the process is oriented on actions as well as interventions. These are established on the consideration of the person/s thoughts which can destroy a persons behaviors (Psychodynamic treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, 2000). The intervention is comprised of some techniques which include the cognitive element which is based on the thoughts, as well as the beliefs of the individuals thoughts. The behaviors of the patient are explored Here the various elements including escape, avoidance, as well as the maladaptive developmental coping behaviors are established. Intervention component is then identified which comprise some elements. First, the realistic thinking is applied where the therapist makes the patient differentiate between the reality, and the cognitive stressors which are generated by tension. The self-instruction training is then done on the patient where the patient is provided with skills to assist them in coping with the tensions. The problem-solving step is then initiated where the therapist together with the therapist go ahead and evaluate the patient, assessing the response behaviors which are appropriate for the patient (Sadock, Sadock, Sadock, 2008). These are then combined with the social learning theory that is in support of the fundamental domain of the technique. The cognitive mediation is then grounded on the manner in which the individual behaves, as well as his emotions and physical reactions. The treatment, therefore, begins with two major occurrences or happenings. The first occurrence is the identification of the behaviors in the patient which do not go in line with the normal functioning, as well as the unhelpful behaviors. This is necessary as it helps in the identification of common knowledge which is present between the patient and the therapist. The second happening is the critical examination of the manner in which the behaviors of the patient were derived. Where these two factors are wel l established, the treatment process is carried out effectively. Multicultural considerations using theoretical model Multiculturalism is characterized by the theoretical, as well as philosophical mannerisms that culture varies between different people. The differences could be as a result of difference in norms, values, traditions, as well as worldviews (Tan, 2011). The cognitive behavior theory, therefore, puts into consideration these differences when identifying the issues and solving the problems affecting different patients. As such, there should be no superior and inferior treatment as all there should be the assumption of equality between all the individuals from all cultures. In the psychology field, multicultural counseling is defined as the therapy process which puts into consideration the treatment techniques, as well as the goals to be achieved after the therapy. The objectives are supposed to be in line with the cultural ties, life experiences, cultural values, as well as the diverse backgrounds (Seiler, 2008). The clinicians should, therefore, be familiar with the different background s and identities present in the world. The cultural factors which are given attention in the field of therapy include education, gender, religion, disabilities, indigenous heritage, national origin, age, generation influences, as well as the sexual orientation. In regard with these considerations, multicultural counseling lays focus on the issues relating to power, marginalization, as well as privilege. The major element in multicultural counseling is the ability to connect with connect with the clients who are influenced by development of the identity, as well as the diverse world perspectives.Bottom of Form There are many methods which can be used to enhance the elements of CBT for anxiety with the to ensure cultural sensitivity (Watts, 2003). This can for instance be achieved by ensuring that the clinicians clearly understand and appreciate the different experiences that may have been acquired by different clients. This can be achieved by the application of the therapeutic stance where multicultural perspective is combined with the perspective with CBT. This calls for the lesson on self-education (Weiner, 2003). This education is supposed to be based on issues such as beliefs, values, history, as well as the experiences. As such, the clients are in a position to connect with the clinicians in an effective manner. A therapist can also opt to invite discussion on issues that are marginalized. This can be done where the clinicians introduce their identities, and welcome the views of the client. Other than addressing the issue which could potentially be life experiences, other topics such as marginalization can be discussed giving the client space to state their own experiences (Woods, 2003). The clinician should then be in a position to identify the issues which bring anxiety to the client. The enhancement of the psychoeducation is also important in identifying issues that cause anxiety to the individual. Where one is dealing with patients who have been marginalized in the past, it is important to offer psychoeducation. The clinician should also adapt cognitive restructuring, and modify the exposure situations. Exposure is a common method in CBT treatment, and should be applied in dealing with patients who have been marginalized. Critical Evaluation of the Counseling Session The counseling relationship The cognitive behavior therapy has faced criticism often times as a result of its failure to recognize the role played by the therapeutic relationship. It is, however, important to note that this form of therapy puts into consideration various dimensions in overcoming therapy impasses. The clinician, together with the client can, therefore, establish a model which will enable them understand the significance of various concepts (Whitfield, Davidson, 2007). These include validation, victim resistance, self-handicapping, sunk-cost commitment, conceptualization factors, as well as the schematic mismatch. These factors are significant in enhancing the relationship between the patient and the therapist. Identifying these factors is important because it helps establish the raptures which may be present and that may affect the relationship between the two parties (Prochask Norcros, 2014). This, in turn, helps in resolving these issues, and hence getting rid of the barriers. The therapeuti c relationship helps to provide the opportunities which are used in the modification of the cognitive, as well as the emotional problems. This is in line with CBT, where there is the risk of the presence of foreshadowing by the techniques as well as the protocols which are applied. As such, it is important to ensure the relationship between the two parties is maintained, so as not to give credibility claims that CBT does not consider the importance of this relationship. Role of the counselor The success of the counseling sessions highly depends on how well the therapist plays his roles. As such, it is important for the counselor to establish what is required of him before engaging in the counseling process (Stricker, Widiger, Weiner, 2003). The counselor must understand some of the duties that they have prior to getting into a therapy session with the client. It is important for the therapist to possess some traits. The counselor must be likable, and should be in a position to exhibit interpersonal skills. They must also be flexible and able to meet all the needs of every individual by providing person-specific attention (Ronen, Freeman, 2007). Additionally, a counselor must be in a position to offer multiple sessions where the need arises. The counselor must also exhibit a caring attitude, and have something concrete and applied to offer to the clients. It is also the role of the counselor to offer facilitation to the client of solving the issues in question. They mus t also show genuine concern, as well as compassion for the dilemmas faced by clients. The counselor must also individualize the interaction with the client depending on the personality type of the client. It is also the duty of the counselor to encourage the client to draw their conclusion on the direction they choose in resolving the problems. As such, the counselor should challenge the client to formulate a behavioral goal and address the ultimate objective (Prout, Brown, 2007). In CBT, the client must identify the causes of the behaviors or symptoms that they are experiencing. This must be in relation to the occurrences that happened in the recent past. As such, the counselor should ensure that such happenings are identified and dealt with accordingly. This, will in turn, help the client to identify the most suitable way to handle the issues they are dealing with. References Arkowitz, H., Messer, S. B. (2004). Psychoanalytic therapy and behavior therapy: Is integration possible?. New York: Plenum Press. Coetzer, R. (2006). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A psychotherapeutic approach to loss and grief. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Creek, J., Lougher, L. (2008). Occupational therapy and mental health. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Dobson, K. S. (2010). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies. New York: Guilford Press. Burton, N. L. (2010). Psychiatry. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapman, R. A. (2006). The clinical use of hypnosis in cognitive behavior therapy: A practitioner's casebook. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Fransella, F. (2005). The Essential Practitioners Handbook of Personal Construct Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Fromme, D. K. (2011). Systems of psychotherapy: Dialectical tensions and integration. New York: Springe Hooley, J. M., Neale, J. M., Davison, G. C. (2009). Readings in abnormal psychology. New York: Wiley. Meichenbaum, D. (2007). Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach. Boston, MA: Springer US Norcross, J. C., Goldfried, M. R. (2005). Handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York: Oxford University Press. Jones-Smith, E. (2012). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: An integrative approach. London: SAGE Publications Lemma, A. (2016). Introduction to the practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Ogden, J. (2011). The Psychology of Eating: From Healthy to Disordered Behavior. Hoboken: Wiley. O'Donohue, W. T., Fisher, J. E. (2009). General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Macdonald, A. J. (2007). Solution-focused therapy: Theory, research practice. Los Angeles: SAGE. Meichenbaum, D. (2007). Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach. Boston, MA: Springer US Norcross, J. C. (2006). Handbook of eclectic psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel Perris, C., Blackburn, I. M., Perris, H. (2008). Cognitive Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Psychodynamic treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. (2000). New York: Guilford Press Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C. (2014). Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Prout, H. T., Brown, D. T. (2007). Counseling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents: Theory and Practice for School and Clinical Settings. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Ronen, T., Freeman, A. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy in clinical social work practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Stricker, G., Widiger, T. A., Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of Psychology, Volume 8, Clinical Psychology: Volume 8, Clinical Psychology. New York: John Wiley Sons. Smith, V. (2012). Key concepts in counseling and psychotherapy: A critical A-Z guide to theory. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., Sadock, B. J. (2008). Kaplan Sadock's concise textbook of clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Tan, S.-Y. (2011). Counseling and psychotherapy: A Christian perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic Seiler, L. (2008). Cool connections with cognitive behavioural therapy: Encouraging self- esteem, resilience and well-being in children and young people using CBT approaches. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Whitfield, G., Davidson, A. J. W. (2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy explained. Oxon: Radcliffe. Woods, J. (2003). Boys who have abused: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with victim- perpetrators of sexual abuse. London: J. Kingsley Watts, R. E. (2003). Adlerian, cognitive, and constructivist therapies: An integrative dialogue. New York: Springer Pub Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of psychology: 8. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Smu Mba Assignment free essay sample

What aggregate planning strategies influence supply? Aggregate planning is also used to manage supply considerations by using the following strategies: 1. Subcontracting (outsourcing). Subcontracting is a method of increasing capacity without incurring large capital investment charges. It can turn the competitive advantage of other corporations to the contracting organization`s advantage. However, subcontracting can be costly, and also reveals part of the business to potential competitors. 2. Overtime and idle time. A direct short-term strategy for managing production capacity is to either increase or decrease the number of the work force. This strategy has the advantage of utilizing the currently existing work force. However, overtime is expensive and can produce job burnout if relied upon too extensively. On the other hand, enforcing idle time on the work force can result in resistance as well as a drop in morale. 3. Hiring and laying off employees. Hiring and laying off employees is a medium- to long-term strategy for increasing or decreasing capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Smu Mba Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hiring employees usually involves the cost of training while laying off employees can incur severance charges. Laying off employees can also cause labor difficulties with unions and reduce morale A few minutes before the end of a live broadcast show, followed by another live broadcast show, people from both programmes will share some air time together. This may be used for people from the starting programme to anticipate its contents of the day, or to participate in an ongoing discussion in the previous show, or simply for an entirely independent debate or chat that will not be furthered after the â€Å"pase†. On the radio, where newscasts are usually broadcast every thirty minutes, often in coincidence with the end of a show, the â€Å"pase† may take some minutes before the news, and sometimes some minutes afterwards, too.

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms By Maeve Maddox When reading articles on the web, especially those on personal blogs, if I see one grammatical error I hesitate to be too critical. Typos happen. When I see the same error a second time, I sense a problem. Here are examples of the same error that occurred in two separate posts on the same site. They really stood out because overall the blogger was writing standard English. Ive began to feed she has began disciplining Television dins incorrect forms into our ears every hour of every day, and not many teachers outside the English classroom insist that their students speak a standard dialect at school. Errors with the few remaining English irregular verbs are bound to proliferate. The most common errors with irregular verbs occur with the past participle form. The past participle is the form of the verb that is used with the auxiliaries has, have, and had. The usual error is that the writer or speaker uses the simple past where the past participle is called for. Most English verbs form the simple past and the past participle by adding -ed to the simple present, but about 150 common English verbs do not. More than half of these irregular verbs do not present a problem with the past participle because its the same as the simple past. For example: fight fought [have] fought find found [have] found cling clung [have] clung feed fed [have] fed That leaves 65-70 irregular verbs whose past participle form is different from the simple past form. For example: go went [have] gone begin began [have] begun see saw [have] seen Most ESL sites include alphabetical lists of common irregular English verbs. If youd like to see a breakdown of the irregular verbs according to the form of the past participle, Ive categorized them on my AmericanEnglishDoctor teaching site: Category One: simple present, simple past, and past participle all spelled the same: Ex. cut cut cut Category Two: simple past and past participle spelled the same: Ex. find found found Category Three: past participle different from simple past: Ex. begin began begun Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsA While vs AwhileEducational vs. Educative

A problem question in property law

A problem question in property law Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Property law 1. The property here is held as a tenancy in common as the words â€Å"in equal shares† has been used and the parties have sold and passed on their individual shares indicating their intention that they all own a part of the property as opposed to them all holding the whole of the property. The Law of Property Act 1925 stipulates that the legal estate can only be held by more than one person as joint tenants. A tenancy in common in the legal estate can no longer exist, so that if there is to be a tenancy in common then this must exist behind a trust for sale. As against the outside world (including any landlord) the co-occupiers (who are trustees) can only be joint tenants. Section 12 of TOLATA 1996 confers a right to occupy where the purposes of e trust include making the property available for such occupation or where the lands is held by the trustees so as to be so available. No right arises where the land is unavailable or unsuitable for occupation. Whe re two or more beneficiaries have a right to occupy, the trustees may exclude or restrict the entitlement of any of them as long as the trustees act reasonably in doing so. In exercising their power to exclude, restrict or impose restrictions the trustees are, by reason of s13(4), to have regard to the intentions of the person who created the trust, the purposes for which the land is held an the wishes of all of the beneficiaries who would be entitled to occupy [1] . Therefore on this basis it is likely that the other trustees will be able to sell the property and Beth and Emma will therefore be able to remain at the property. 2. Easements can come into existence in a number of ways; by express grant (either by deed or in writing), by implication on the sale of part of a property or by prescription. It has long been established that an easement is no more than a right over land and not a right to either possession or joint and exclusive use of it [2] . If an alleged right involves t he exclusion of the owner of land, it cannot be an easement. The precise scope of this principle has been considered in a number of cases. In Copeland v Greenhalf, above, a wheelwright’s claim to an easement to store vehicles on a strip of adjoining land failed because Upjohn J considered that the right was too extensive to constitute an easement in law; it amounted to a claim to the whole beneficial use of the part of the strip of land over which it had been exercised. In Grigsby v Melville [3] Brightman J took a similar view of an asserted right to use premises as a store. Nonetheless, in Wright v McAdam [4] , the Court of Appeal had considered that a tenant’s use of a shed in a garden for the storage of coal might be an easement. Categories of easements have increased since the decision in Dyce v Lady James Hay [5] and have developed over time to suit modern society. For example it is doubtful at the time of this decision that right to access car parking spaces wa s a valid or existing easement, whereas such easements are common these days.

Personal reading journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal reading journal - Essay Example The plot would not be comprehensible if we would not have been shown the distinct features of the characters in the story. The writers then proceed to let us know some real but fictional background of these creatures. That is to mean it exist in the history of the world but cannot be proven. Therefore, they play a key part in the relevance of the story. The characters I think must however be complimented by the dialogue for the story to make sense. Without the dialogue, we would not understand the actions of the characters. The actions are very important for they help us in making judgments about the characters. For instance, we would not appreciated the heroic effort of the humankind in fight with the zombie and ensure its continuity without the words (Max and Roberson, 98). In addition, the setting of the whole story is not a trivial matter. Actually, the setting gives the story a meaning and the reader an interest to read. In fact, it is what makes such a horrific book a comic. The relationships amongst these artistic tools are mutual and will always make a book a journal complete. For example, in the ‘Recorded Attack’ it is used to drive point home to the readers’ mind, sometimes without the reader realizing their formal use in fictional stories. In my opinion, this reveals how one can creatively interlink these minute devices to deliver a brilliant story. The movie ‘Night of the Living Dead’ is almost analogous to the story of Recorded Attacks. The characters are also the same but the setting and actions are not equal. Therefore, this makes a big difference in terms of defining the relationship between these artistic works. This is a horror movie by George Romero that, funnily enough, was originally, written as a comic book. The movie is about ‘ghouls’ or zombies that are affected by a certain substance that make them ‘undead’ (Romero, 2002). They equally affect healthy people leading to the wide

Formal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Formal Report - Essay Example Even the health industry has transformed itself and treating diseases that were considered fatal in the past. Robotic surgeries have also made their space on the surgery schedule boards in hospitals around the world. A procedure that could once only be imagined for a sci-fi adventure has now become a reality. This extensive inclusion of technology that would have raised eyebrows in the past is being accepted and adopted by doctors around the world as a competitive advantage in hospitals. It was only a matter of time that the increasing trend of medical advancement and equipment technology would lead us to the point where we risk our lives in the hands of a robot. The robot, being controlled by a surgeon, performs the procedure on the patient. The surgeon might be located a few blocks away or across a couple of oceans. The revolutionary step in the field of health sciences has attracted many; however, it is still not free from risks and reservations. Just like any other invention in i ts initiation phase, robotic surgeries need to take few more steps to ensure minimal risks and dangers for the patients. 1. Introduction The robotic technology, that started with making small machines perform interesting stunts or house chores, have been given a more creditable status in the medical field since they are being used to save human lives. The initiation of the idea of letting robotic arms and other components come in contact with the patient, rather than the surgeon, initiated in 1980s. The innovative concept attracted the technologists in the industry and thus gave way to surgeons being miles away from the physical location of the operation and relying on technology to maintain connection from the surgeon to the robot that operates on the patient. The state of the art surgical procedure is being commonly known as, ‘Da Vinci Surgery’; this name has been given by the manufacturers of this innovative robot technology, Intuitive Surgical Inc. The company, Intu itive Surgical Inc (2013) explained that the name is kept after the inventive artist for his passion for human anatomy and automation in the 1450s. Leonardo Da Vinci is known to design the first robot of its kind in 1495 which was discovered hundreds of years later in 1950s. Leddy, Lendvay and Satava (2010) gave valuable information about the initiation of the idea of such a risky mode of treatment where the surgeon cannot control the consequences of any atypical scenario; robotic surgeries were initially aimed to perform remote surgeries in the battlefield to ensure immediate treatment to soldiers. The robotic equipment was mounted on the top of the vehicles and surgeons were expected to perform the surgery with the aid of the robotic arm while sitting in their own comfortable space. These authors defined it as the surgical procedure that separates the surgeon from the patient by adding a robotic device in the middle of them. With the passage of time, the concept made its way in th e civilian territory and started being used for commercial treatment. The passive role of medical equipment and technological devices has been transformed into a major one in an operating room. A diverse range of procedures are now being performed with robots being the direct contact with the patients, namely gynecological and urological procedures and many mores. 2. Research Quality and Patient Safety Division: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine. (2013) stated that robotic surgeries have started becoming

Effective Time Management - The Foundation of Success Essay -- Time Ma

Effective Time Management - The Foundation of Success   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon returning to college, the mature student (any student over the age of 24) soon realizes that their ability to manage time effectively directly impacts their learning experience and their family life. Unlike traditional students, the mature student may have a spouse, children and a full-time job that is necessary for them to survive financially. Adults with families will readily agree that their family alone places serious demands on their time. When adding the responsibility of school, it becomes even more difficult to make time for family, work and personal time. Enough time needs to be spent on these three major facets of life. Too much time spent in one area usually means to little time spent in another, which usually leads to stress. Time management professionals say that stress is usually the result of poor time management. Effective time management has to be the foundation of any successful and productive life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are 1,440 minutes in a day. If one is employed full-time, then about nine hours (540 minutes) of the day is spent at the office and commuting. The time left in the evening for family and self is very limited. Some companies allow their employees to telecommute, in which the company’s network is accessed from the employees’ home, usually via a high-speed or broadband connection. Telecommuting increases available time for family and self by eliminating the employee’s commute. Along with telecommuting, some companies offer Flex-Time. Flex-Time allows the work schedule to be configured differently from the typical Monday through Friday, 9am-to-5pm workweek. One will still work a total of 40 hours that week only one day may be shorter than the rest. Flex-Time is basically a flexible work schedule. Flex-time and telecommuting are examples of Flexible Work Options (FWO). FWOs allow employees the opportunity to find time for their families and s elves by introducing a time management element that â€Å"bends†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with the changing nature of office-hours via telecommuting and Flex-Time, there is a need for employees to be more efficient at work. Companies are implementing the â€Å"virtual office† which partly entails telecommuting but with the main focus being a more efficient, yet mobile workforce. With the virtual office, traditional office setups such as permanent workspac... ...s to get these things done and back to the office in one hour: pick up cash for sitter tonight, pick up three birthday gifts, buy her daughter a notebook, pens and a new backpack for school tomorrow, eat, get oil changed and pick up son’s asthma prescription. Well, Super Jane is at it again, she headed to the grocery store/pharmacy and picked up her son’s prescription, three gift cards for various stores to be given as birthday gifts, a salad and enough money for the baby-sitter to take her daughter to the store tonight to get her pens, notebook and new backpack. Now, off to Jiffy Lube where she will eat her salad while waiting for her oil to be changed. In summation, the benefits of time management can be life altering. As one finds ways to get more done with the time available to them, it can lead to an increase in overall self-confidence and a more positive outlook on life. Effective time management is also a very useful tool that can help to reduce stress in day-to-day life. If effective time management becomes a part of one’s life then he or she can find ways to juggle family, career, personal time and education. In essence, effective time management can lead to success.

Regional Metropolis: Constantinople and Tenochtitlan Essay

Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were two great cities in their time. They both had many dominant physical features. They also had many cultural influences and their major function for each city was different. The two cities had important landmarks and their locations still exist. The cities both had religious affiliations and other important aspects. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan help to show you what cities were like between 1160-1520. Any two cities could have been chosen to show what it was like back then. These two show the global nature of this occurrence by contrasting the two. One is located in the Mediterranean and the other is in Mesoamerica so they are basically worlds apart. They also experience two different kinds of life. These two were also chosen to be compared because many of the Europeans went to these places and made their own accountable comparisons on what they had thought. Each city had its own dominant physical characteristics. Constantinople had St. Sophia and the hippodrome. It also had well-to-do houses and markets. Constantinople was in the center for trading on the Silk Road. It also had a great defense system because the city was surrounded by water. The city had the Old Horn Port on one of its edges. Tenochtitlan was built up in the marshes. The city also had special roads to connect it to the mainland. Each city had its way of living with their physical features. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan each had its own set of cultural influences. Constantinople was mostly Roman and Greek. They mainly spoke Greek there. They were also Christian Orthodox. Tenochtitlan was built by the inspiration of two older cities. The immigrants and visitors that came had to stay in their own neighborhoods. They also traded with the north and south. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were influenced by their cultures. The major function for each city was different from each other. Constantinople was used as a political place. It was also very religious. Constantinople was also a major trade center. Tenochtitlan was mainly a religious center. It had different ritual sacrifices that went on. It also had a lot of religious ceremonies that went on. They both had different  functions. The cities had many important landmarks and their locations still exist. Constantinople had St. Sophia as well as the Mese Road or â€Å"Midway†. The Golden Gate was also located there. Other places located here are the Golden Horn and the Hippodrome. Tenochtitlan had the Pyramid of the Sun. They also had the Market. Old Horn Port is still around today. Tenochtitlan stood where present day Mexico City is. Each city had its own set of important places and each are still around in some way. Each city had its own religious affiliations. Constantinople was centered around the Orthodox Church. Tenochtitlan had many things that were religious. They had sacrifices in their city. They also had many Gods and were polytheistic. Tenochtitlan also had many priests and a chief to look up to. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan had their own way of believing in their religions. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan also had some other important characteristics. Constantinople was extremely wealthy. They also had inhabitant Greeks that were not made for war. The language of Tenochtitlan was Nahuatl. They also had a population of two hundred thousand. Their city was built by the Aztecs. The two cities had many important characteristics. Most Europeans had their part in thee decline of both of these cities. Many places say that their religions had an affect on their violence. They both had an obsession for gold and other wealthy material. They each had a big population for their time. Many believed that because of their great and different urban development went well with the fact that they had a modern economic development. Both were built in imitation of older cities and more well-known centers. They both were known more as imperial capitals, but now they are often referred to as cities. Constantinople was older, but its became more famous as a Roman capital later in history. Tenochtitlan was a younger city and quickly grew from a small place into the largest city of the Americas as their expansion of power grew over all of Mesoamerica. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan helped to demonstrate how cities developed and what their lives were like back then when they were developing cities. They both had their own set of physical characteristics. They also had their own share of cultural influences and what their major function for their city was. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan had important landmarks within each of their city limits and the site for their locations are still around in some form. They also had their own religious beliefs and ways of life. They also had some other important aspects to their cities to distinct themselves from other cities. Constantinople and Tenochtitlan were classified as a city, but do you think they could have become more than that? Bibliography Wiesner, Wheeler, Doeringer, Curtis. Discovering The Global Past. Houghton Mifflin Company; New York: 2007. Pages 268-300. Source 4, Illustrated Map of Constantinople, 13th Century Source 5, Interior Saint Sophia Source 10, Spanish Illustrated Map of Tenochtitlan

The Iron Heel Study Guide

The Iron Heel  is an early dystopian novel published in 1908 by Jack London. London is best known for his man-against-nature novels like  The Call of the Wild  and  White Fang, so  The Iron Heel  is often  considered a departure from his usual output.   The Iron Heel  is written from the first-person perspective of a female protagonist, and  it includes a  presentation of London’s socialist political ideals, both of which were unusual for its time. The book addresses Londons belief that unionized labor and socialist political movements would rise to challenge the traditional capitalist power base. Later writers such as George Orwell often explicitly mention The Iron Heel as an influence on their own works. Plot The novel begins with a foreword written by Anthony Meredith in the 419 BOM (Brotherhood of Man), approximately the 27th century. Meredith discusses the Everhard Manuscript as a historical document, composed by Avis Everhard and describing the events of 1912 through 1932. Meredith warns that the manuscript is riddled with errors of fact, but insists on its value as a firsthand account of those â€Å"terrible times.† Meredith notes that the manuscript, written by Avis Everhard, cannot be considered objective because she is writing about her own husband and was herself too close to the events to have objectivity. In the Everhard Manuscript proper, Avis describes meeting her future husband, socialist activist Ernest Everhard. She finds him poorly groomed, self-righteous, and irritating. Ernest argues that the American system of economics is based on the abuse and poor treatment (in other words, the exploitation) of labor, and that the ordinary workers who keep everything going suffer terribly. Avis initially does not agree, but later she conducts her own investigation of Ernest’s claims and is shocked to discover she   concurs with his assessment. As Avis becomes close to Ernest, her father and a family friend (Dr. John Cunningham and Bishop Moorehouse) also begin to agree with his ideas. All four key characters begin to work for the socialist causes. As a result, the oligarchs who own and run the country under the guise of capitalism and democracy move to ruin them all. Dr. Cunningham loses his teaching job and his home. Bishop Moorehouse is found to be clinically insane and is committed to an asylum. Ernest wins election as a Representative in Congress, but is framed as a conspirator in a terrorist plot and is sent to prison, along with Avis. Avis is released some months later, followed by Ernest. The two flee into hiding and begin plotting a revolution. Before action can be taken, the government and oligarchs—which Ernest collectively calls The Iron Heel—form a private army, legitimized by the weak government. This private army sets in motion a false-flag riot in Chicago. The private army, called the Mercenaries, violently crushes the riot, killing many and using brutal tactics. Bishop Moorehouse, escaped from captivity, is killed in the riot. At the end of the novel, Avis writes optimistically about the plans for a second uprising that Ernest is certain will succeed. However, as the reader knows from Meredith’s forward, this second uprising will fail, and The Iron Heel will rule the country for centuries until the final revolution that forms the Brotherhood of Man. The manuscript ends suddenly, and Meredith explains that Avis Everhard hid the book because she knew she was about to be arrested. Major Characters Anthony Meredith. A historian from the far future, reading and making notes on the so-called Everhard Manuscript. He is condescending and chauvinistic towards Avis and often corrects her; however, his remarks reveal his limited understanding of the early 20th  century era that he studies. The reader  gets to know Meredith mainly through his marginalia, which adds detail and context to the novel. Avis Everhard. Born  into wealth, Avis is initially dismissive of the plight of the working class. Over the course of her manuscript, however, she begins to see her younger self as naive and childish, and she becomes a fierce proponent of revolution. There is evidence that Avis is not entirely reliable and that her core attitudes have not entirely changed; she often uses disrespectful language to describe the working classes even as she is speaking the language of revolution. Ernest Everhard. A passionate believer in socialism, Ernest is shown to be intelligent, physically powerful, and a courageous public speaker. Meredith implies that Ernest Everhard was merely one of many key people in the early days of the revolution, suggesting that Avis may  be romanticizing Ernest throughout her manuscript. Most critics believe Ernest represents London himself and his core beliefs. Dr. John Cunningham. Avis’ father, a celebrated academic and scientist. He is initially a supporter of the status quo, but slowly becomes convinced of  Ernest’s cause. He loses his status in society as a result and later disappears; Avis suspects he is kidnapped by the government. Bishop Moorehouse. A minister who undergoes a similar change in views  as Dr. Cunningham, eventually giving his life in the effort to resist the oligarchy. Literary Style The Iron Heel is a work of dystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction  presents a universe that is at odds with the author’s beliefs and attitudes; in this case, the dystopian aspect comes from a world run by capitalist oligarchs who exploit the working class, abuse the poor, and ruthlessly destroy critics. The novel is also considered a work of soft science fiction, because although it makes no mention of advanced technology, it is centered around a setting 700 years ahead of the date of its composition. London used a series of nested points-of-view in the novel, each with a different degree of  reliability. On the surface is the frame story of Dr. Meredith, who writes from the future and examines a work of historical importance. He presents himself as a trusted authority, but some of his commentary includes factual errors about 20th century history that would be obvious to the reader, which undermines his reliability. The next point of view is that of Avis Everhard, the narrator of the manuscript that makes up the bulk of the text of the novel. Her reliability comes into question when she implies that her statements about her husband are subjective, as well as when she makes seemingly contemptuous comments about the political cause she professes to support. Finally, the perspective of Ernest Everhard is provided when his speeches are included in the text. These speeches seem reliable due to their word-for-word nature, but Avis unreliability makes the reader less certain.   London also employs a technique known as a false document: a  fictional work that is presented to the reader as a factual one. This conceit allows London to add complexity to a novel that might otherwise be a straightforward political tract.  The Iron Heel  contains two intertwined, multilayered false documents  (Avis’ manuscript and Meredith’s gloss on that manuscript). This combination a complex mystery concerning whose perspective is closest to the truth. Jack London was charged several times over the course of his career with plagiarism. Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel, The Bishop’s Vision, is an essay written by Frank Harris. London did not deny that he  copied the speech verbatim, but he claimed that he believed it was a speech delivered by an actual bishop. Key Quotes â€Å"It is far easier to see brave men die than to hear a coward beg for life.† —Avis Everhardâ€Å"No man can be intellectually insulted. Insult, in its very nature, is emotional.† —Ernest Everhardâ€Å"Times have changed since Christs day. A rich man to-day who gives all he has to the poor is crazy. There is no discussion. Society has spoken.† —Ernest Everhard Iron Heel Fast Facts Title: Iron HeelAuthor: Jack LondonDate Published: 1908Publisher: MacmillanLiterary Genre: Dystopian Science FictionLanguage: EnglishThemes: Socialism and social revolution.Characters: Anthony Meredith, Avis Everhard, Ernest Everhard, John Cunningham, Bishop Moorehouse.