Industrial Relations free essay sample

To build up an appropriate channel of correspondence. 5. To expand the assurance and control of the representatives. 6. To protect the interests of the work just as the board by making sure about the most significant level of common comprehension and altruism between all segments in an industry. 7. To keep away from all types of mechanical clashes in order to guarantee modern harmony by giving better living and working principles for the laborers. 8. To realize government command over such modern units which are running at a misfortune for securing the vocation of the workers. Significance of Industrial Relations: 1. Continuous Production: The most significant advantage of modern advantages is that it guarantees congruity of creation. This implies ceaseless work for all included right from administrators to laborers. There is continuous progression of pay for all. Smooth running of businesses is significant for makers, if their items are short-lived products and to customers if the merchandise are for mass utilization (fundamental wares, food grains and so forth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Modern Relations or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ). Great mechanical relations bring modern harmony which thusly will in general increment creation. 2. Decrease in Industrial debates: Good Industrial relations lessen Industrial questions. Strikes, complaints and lockouts are a portion of the impressions of Industrial agitation. Mechanical harmony helps in advancing co-activity and expanding creation. In this way great Industrial relations help in building up Industrial majority rules system, discipline and a favorable working environment condition. 3. High assurance: Good Industrial relations improve the resolve of the representatives and inspire the specialist laborers to work more and better. 4. Decreased wastage: Good Industrial relations are kept up based on co-activity and acknowledgment of ach other. It assists with lessening wastage of material, labor and expenses. 5. Adds to financial development and advancement. Reasons for poor Industrial Relations: 1. Financial causes: Often poor wages and poor working conditions are the primary driver for unfortunate relations among the board and work. Unapproved findings from compensati on, absence of incidental advantages, nonattendance of advancement openings, flawed impetus plans are other monetary causes. Different foundations for Industrial clashes are deficient framework, destroyed plant and apparatus, poor format, unsuitable support and so on . Hierarchical causes: Faulty correspondences framework, out of line rehearses, non-acknowledgment of worker's organizations and work laws are likewise some different reasons for poor relations in industry. 3. Social causes: Uninteresting nature of work is the fundamental social reason for poor Industrial relations. Disappointment with employment and individual life finishes into Industrial clashes. 4. Mental causes: Lack of professional stability, non-acknowledgment of legitimacy and execution, poor relational relations are the mental purposes behind inadmissible manager worker relations. 5. Political causes: Multiple associations, between association competition debilitate the worker's organizations. Flawed worker's guilds framework winning in the nation has been one of the most dependable aims for Industrial questions in the nation. Proposals to improve Industrial Relations: 1. Sound staff strategies: Policies and methodology concerning the remuneration, move and advancement, and so forth of representatives ought to be reasonable and straightforward. All arrangements and rules identifying with Industrial relations ought to be reasonable and straightforward to everyone in the endeavor and to the association chiefs. 2. Participative administration: Employees should relate laborers and associations in the detailing and usage of HR strategies and practices. 3. Dependable associations: A solid worker's guild is an advantage for the business. Worker's organizations ought to embrace a capable as opposed to political way to deal with mechanical relations. 4. Representative government assistance: Employers ought to perceive the requirement for the government assistance of laborers. They should guarantee sensible wages, agreeable working conditions, and other vital offices for work. The board ought to have an authentic worry for the government assistance and improvement of the common laborers. 5. Complaint technique: A settled and appropriately managed framework focused on the opportune and good redressal of employee’s complaints can be useful in improving Industrial relations. A recommendation plan will assist with fulfilling the innovative inclination of the laborers. 6. Useful disposition: Both administration and worker's guilds should embrace uplifting mentality towards one another. The executives must perceive associations as the representatives of the workers’ complaints and as caretakers of their inclinations. The business ought to acknowledge laborers as equivalent accomplices in a joint undertaking for good Industrial relations. . Making a legitimate correspondence channel to dodge complaints and errors among representatives 8. Instruction and preparing bestowed to the workers What are Industrial Relations? The idea of Industrial relations has been characterized utilizing different wordings, yet in the strictest sense, it is basically the connection amo ng the board and work. The full idea of modern relations is the association and practice of multi-pronged connections among work and the executives, associations and work, associations and the board in an industry. Dale Yoder characterizes it all in all field of connections that exists due to the important joint effort of people in the work procedure of an industry. Job of Industrial Relations: Industrial relations are related with work, the board, trade guilds, and the state. The area of modern relations has developed colossally, and can't be spoken to just by relations among the board and work. It has become a far reaching and all out idea grasping the whole of relationship that exists at different degrees of the hierarchical structure. Moreover, it suggests connections between laborers themselves inside the work class, and relations among the administration inside the administrative class. In an open sense, mechanical relations signify a wide range of relations inside a gathering and outside a gathering both formal and casual relations. Targets of Industrial Relations: 1. Ensure the board and work interests by making sure about common relations between the two gatherings. 2. Evade questions among the executives and work, and make a fitting connection between the gatherings so profitability can be expanded. . Guarantee full business and decrease truancy, subsequently, expanding profitability and benefits. 4. Accentuate work boss organization to set up and keep up mechanical majority rules system. This is done to guarantee the sharing of benefit increases, and individual formative of every one everything being equal. 5. Give better wages and day to day environments to work, so misconceptions among the board and work are decreased to a base. 6. To achieve government command over plants where misfortunes are running high, or where items are created in the open intrigue. 7. To overcome an issue between different open groups and reshape the unpredictable social connections rising out of innovative advances by controlling and teaching individuals, and changing their irreconcilable circumstances. Calculated Model for understanding Industrial Relations Conceptual Model of Industrial Relations Role of State Intervention: State mediation in business is important in a creating nation due to the accompanying reasons: 1. Creating nations need amazing worker's organizations, empowering associations to misuse laborers and even overlook their requests. This is the reason governments need to step in and assume a job in outlining certain parameters of mechanical relations. 2. At the point when the states of workers compound, as well as debates emerge, the administration can't be a quiet spectator. It needs to intercede in the circumstance and attempt to fulfill the two sides by being a preceptor or a delegate, and build up harmony. 3. The government idea of the constitution has caused it basic for the state to mediate in issues of work to guarantee a smooth and persistent activity. The state and the focal governments have built up specific laws that must be trailed by organizations. These are: the Plantations Act of 1952, the Minimum Wages Act of 1948, the Industrial Disputes Act, the Payment of Bonus Act of 1965, the Contract Labor Act of 1970, the Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972, the Bonded Labor System Act and the Remuneration Act of 1978. 4. The Directive Principals of the Constitution charge upon the state to set up a government assistance state and to care for the interests of the more fragile areas of the general public, for instance, the genuinely impaired. Meaning of Mediation and Conciliation Mediation is the idea of making harmony between irritated gatherings. It is an antiquated practice, and is done by a harmony creator. Intervention becomes an integral factor when at least two gatherings meet up to examine their disparities and settle their disparities. Intervention has been utilized among individuals, countries, disputants, work and government, and so forth. A go between, who is a pariah, might be available for settlement of debates. The middle people job is to help the gatherings in their exchanges. Placation Conciliation is commonly the way toward urging the bothered gatherings to meet up for intercession. In modern relations be that as it may, the differentiations between the terms intervention and appeasement are immaterial, and this pattern additionally applies to different nations. Along these lines, appeasement might be characterized as the administrations of an outsider that are utilized in a debate as a methods for helping the questioning gatherings to lessen the degree of their disparities and to show up at a settlement or commonly concurred arrangement. Appeasement will in general carry an expedient answer for mechanical contradictions, consequently, maintaining a strategic distance from superfluous strikes and lock-outs. Job of a

Topic of Strong Opinion Essay

Topic of Strong Opinion EssayAre you looking for essays that are very interesting to write and have a strong opinion? These can be found by looking for the topic of strong opinion. If you are writing for a college essay, you will want your essay to be able to stand out. In order to do this you will need to include the topic of strong opinion on the front of your paper.Strong opinion essays can be written in just about any subject you can think of. If you love soccer, you may want to choose a topic about how soccer affects society. If you love sports, you may want to choose a topic that covers why sports make people happy. With some topic choices it can even be hard to choose one topic to fit all your ideas about a topic.Some topics may not even appeal to you. This is fine. You can always change topics or focus on something else.A topic of strong opinion can be as simple as praising someone in the news. Others may try to blame the weather and the wind. Some topics may discuss things l ike an upcoming election. Others may focus on current events or the situation in which you live in.When writing a topic of strong opinion for college essays you must remember that it must be clear. You want it to not only be interesting but it should also be clear enough so that the reader can understand. You will want the essay to be interesting without being too confusing. You want the topic to be clear so that you can learn from it.If you do not want a topic of strong opinion for your college essay, it is not too late to create one. It is not as hard as you might think. You can find the topic of strong opinion online. You can even use websites that specialize in topics of strong opinion and build them from there.So no matter what you are writing for your college essay, you will be able to find topics of strong opinion to fit your topic. In fact, you should even build up an opinion essay that is full of strong opinions to use for your college essay.

Dualism And Belief That The Mind And Brain Essay - 1201 Words

According to J.P. Moreland in his argument for dualism, he states that humans are composed of both an immaterial substance and a physical substance. Moreland notes that there are contrasting differences between the minds and the brains and that they are ultimately separate entities. By defending dualism, Moreland seeks to make nonbelievers believe in immaterial souls, while discrediting materialism. We can look at the arguments in which Moreland uses to support the argument of dualism and belief that the mind and brain are separate entities. Dualism is defined as a belief that mental occurrences are more than just a physical act. Humans are composed of two kinds of substances which are immaterial and physical. The immaterial substance consists of the mind or soul and the physical substance consists of the body. Moreland attempts to make nonbelievers believe in the immaterial soul by mentioning that there are numerous non-physical entities that we believe in, such as numbers, goodnes s and moral laws. This ultimately leads to the defense of dualism and rejecting the physicalism worldview that is present with those that deny that the mind and body are separate entities. The defense of dualism stems from two questions. First, is a human being composed of just one ultimate component or two? The second asks if the answer is two, how do these two relate to one another? This idea starts Moreland argument for dualism over physicalism. Physicalism is a worldview that states thatShow MoreRelatedGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entityRead MoreThe Argument of Dualism Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages In my mind, dualism is a more attractive view to take when considering the mind-brain issue. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of dualism. One reason it appeals to me is because of my religion, my Catholic upbringing. Introspection is another good reason why dualism is a little more logical to me than materialism.. It logically explains why the mind and brain are separate. Also, the divisibility argument raisesRead MoreIs The Mind Body Problem ?1219 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own single beliefs. One of their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it easier to believe in substance dualism, because of howRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreEssay The Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism I am faced with the philosophical task of defending either dualism or materialism, depending on which one is most attractive to me. So either I support the theory of dualism, which is the belief that there is both a physical and a spiritual state, or I believe in materialism, which is the belief that everything that exists is material or physical. Although I believe materialism to be easier to prove, I find dualism more attractiveRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Dualism1357 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the mind. Perhaps that is why we continue to have so many questions about it. After all, we are trying to understand the entity, or matter that does the understanding in the first place? One fundamental question that has guided this endeavor is, â€Å"what is the mind?† and more specifically, â€Å"what is the mind in relation to the brain?†(Friedenburg Silverman, 2012: 26) Three theories have emerged as the prevailing thoughts in today’s age that try a nd make sense of the mind: monism, dualism and functionalismRead MoreDescartes Dualism And The Mind Body Theory1322 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes’ Dualism Rene Descartes dualism states that the mind and body are separate entities. The mind is a nonphysical, non-spatial substance; the mind and brain are separate existences, the brain is a part of the physical body and serves as a connection between the body and mind. Dualism is a hot topic of argument on whether the theory holds any validity or if it holds any truth. However, Cartesian dualism is a credible theory and has a lot of support to verify it. One major point in DescartesRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesWith the number of brain injury cases observed and the continuous advances in neuroscience, this has proven to be strong evidence in supporting materialism. By defining what Cartesian dualists and materialists mean by the ‘brain’, ‘mind’, ‘body’ and ‘soul’, an argument on behalf of Cartesians dualists will be reached, that responds to evidence concerning brain injuries with the claims that the brain is only ‘an instrument of the soul’. This will lead to the conclusion that there is stronger contemporaryRead MoreRene Descartes Concept Of Dualism And Then Defend My Preferred Alternative Among The Options Paul M. Churchland1513 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of dualism and then defend my preferred alternative among the options Paul M. Churchland discusses. After briefly defining Cartesian Dualism, I will show that its principal merit s are that it is consistent with common sense and that it is able to explain phenomena that appear mental in nature. Next, I will show that its principal challenges are its failure to adequately explain how the mind and the body can causally interact, and its failure to respond to the observation that brain damage impairsRead MoreThe Brain Identity Theory, Logical Behaviorism, And Dualism Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ever stop to think if your thoughts, beliefs, and desires can be described as something physical? The mind-body problem focuses on identifying the relation between the physical and the mental. Physical objects include our body, brain, and much more such as our neurons and the chemicals in our body. When we mention a physical object we can describe it by having properties of texture, shape, color, and size. The mental objects are said to be our beliefs, desires, and emotions. But can these mental

Psych- Intro (Self Reflection) - 2071 Words

Running head: SELF REFLECTION Self Reflection Andre’ Evans Argosy University/Orange County PC6104 Counseling Skills I Dr. Cheryl Sowada-Alvarez December 09, 2008 Self Reflection My experience in the counseling role has increased my confidence over the current semester. I feel that the extensive practice has paid off tremendously. For example, this course has taught me how to formulate a game plan when starting off my sessions. I now have goals which come with a much improved structure format than I had previously. In addition, I am able to have a much clearer perceptive of my feelings where I previously accepted thoughts as feelings. In this self reflection, I will continue to express how my growth experiences that have†¦show more content†¦Another concern that came across my mind is when I have a female client, how will she interpret having a male counselor? My experiences with females have been mixed. First, when having a female client I would want to explore her feelings of having a male therapist. Does the female client have any issues towards men? During this process it will consist of exploring her gender concerns. For example, will opening up to a male on certain issues scary to her? How would she feel opening up to a counselor of a different ethnic group? This thought process has come to my attention from previously encountering issues with women in the past. Some former female clients brought forth issues to work through in which were brought forth through relationships with males that the clients were enduring that time of counseling. Therapeutic Style My gut reaction about my style and way of being during counseling session has changed. For example, certain things came along so natural and others were and are still in transition. In the counseling process certain techniques (e.g., exploring, silence, restatements, and probing questions) with already in my tool kit without even knowing they were skills. Then, other techniques such as guiding the client through insight, immediacy, and homework strategies started of f as challenges. Perhaps, it was just feeling comfortable using these techniques in a more natural way. At first, I kept second guessing myself byShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesConsistency and Inconsistency .......................................................................... 278 Recognizing Inconsistency and Contradiction .............................................................................. 279 Identifying Self-Contradictions and Oxymorons .......................................................................... 285 Inconsistency with Presuppositions ................................................................................................ 287 Refuting

Psychoanalytic Therapy and Behavior Therapy

Question: Discuss about the Psychoanalytic Therapy and Behavior Therapy. Answer: Introduction Mei Ling is seeking counseling for depression, and this is as a result of the thoughts she has been having in the recent past. She has been married for 14 years, and according to her, her husband could divorce her, as he is having an affair. She has been going through some medical examination but no physical symptoms have been seen in the past 4 months. This he has been resulted to the depression diagnosis. She has stated that she has been feeling down and depressed for most of the time. Other than this, she has a lot of difficulty motivating herself, and has had a hard time going to work. Other than this, she has been short-tempered, and has feelings of agitation and has been withdrawing to herself most of the time. Mei Ling experienced the divorce of her parents, and she was 9 years old then. After the divorce, her mother became depressed, and also withdrew from her and her siblings emotionally. According to the Psychoanalytic Therapy model, Mei Lings problem could be based on the subconscious. This is in consideration with the assumptions made in this model. The model establishes that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious (Meichenbaum, 2007). It also indicates that the problems could be caused by unresolved issues during development. In Mei Lings case, therefore, the depression issues could be as a result of the divorce of the parents which she experienced. There are chances that she did not completely recover from the ordeal, and this could be haunting her currently. Case Conceptualization as a counselor Different ways are applied in the consideration of the situation for each individual patient with the application of the psychoanalytic therapy approach. There are, however, several assumptions which one can apply for all situations. The concepts applied in the case of Mei Ling, therefore, are based on these assumptions. The assumptions include the statement that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious. It is also stated that the symptoms are as a result of some hidden disturbances (Hooley, Neale, Davison, 2009). Further, the causes of the psychological issues are as a result of the issu4es that one experienced while growing up which are unresolved. It could also be as a result of repressed trauma by the patient. Treatment in this case aims at bringing the conflicts which are repressed to the surface where the individuals are in a position to work through them. This, therefore, helps these people in dealing with the issues. The participant is helped to work through and understand the conflicts that cause the current situation (O'Donohue, Fisher, 2009). As such, this form of therapy ensures that the participant is on a position to work through all the issues in a deeper way. This is made possible by the fact that an individual is in a position to understand the problems they had in their past. As such, one is able to establish the connection between the past and the current problems in their lives. The concepts in this case, therefore are based on the connection between past issues and present problems. As such, the counselor has to identify the events which could be significant in the individuals life, which could have triggered the current problems. The psychoanalysts in this case, therefore, believe in the effect the events that took place in ones childhood or past events could take place in the present. The unconscious feelings, thoughts, as well as the motivations are known to play a major role in the maladaptive behaviors, as well as the mental illnesses. Techniques used This form of therapy involves one speaking freely of their experiences from childhood, and mentioning all major events (Chapman, 2006). The therapist pays close attention to all these narrations, trying hard to point out all the major events. One gives the information without interruption, and the sessions are driven by insight, where the therapist looks to foster change. The therapist applies some techniques while listening to the individual narrates their life experiences. These techniques are used to help in the identification of the cause for the concerns. One of the techniques is the free association. Under this technique, one says everything that comes to the mind without editing it. The therapist in this case is involved in ensuring that the individual states all that is in their mind freely (Macdonald, 2007). The memories, as well as the ideas come out as clearly as they appear in the mind of the individual. As such, the therapist is in a position to identify the true and rea l information of the participant. Moreover, the individual is in a position to freely express all the feelings and emotions in them. The individual is also assisted in returning to the initial emotional state by speaking out all the concerns. This, in turn, helps the individual to understand the current patterns that cause the conflict within them, and this situation is identified in a clear manner. As such, the therapist is in a position to help the individual go through the conflict. The second technique in this form of therapy is the interpretation. Psychoanalytic therapy involves the application of reading between the lines (Fransella, 2005). During the individual narration of the events and experiences, the therapist interjects the session with thoughts and interpretations of the topics in discussion. At this point the therapist may even ask about the individuals dreams. This is important in understanding the individuals subconscious mind. The third and last technique applied in this form of therapy is the therapeutic transference. Here, the therapist establishes the manner in which the transference relates to some significant people in ones life. These people may include an individual/s parents. This is helpful in identifying the manner in which such people may have impacted on the participants life. As such, one is in a position to get additional insight on the manner in which one deals with people and events and people in their lives. These techniques could be applied in the case of Mei Ling to establish the cause of the problems she is currently going through. According to the therapy, the issues which she went through as a child, could be the cause of the current problems. It has already been established that Mei Ling was only 9 when her parents went through with divorce. As such, she was not in a position to get over the issue of divorce. It is also identified that her mother had a lot of issues after the divorce, and even withdrew from her and her siblings. Being the first born, she had to provide emotional support to her siblings, and also worried about the condition of her mother. This, therefore, is the major cause of her anxiety and the issues she is currently going through. These techniques are, therefore, effective in identifying the cause of all the problems Mei Ling is facing currently. The job of the therapist in his case will be to assist her overcome those issues, seeing that they have already been identified. Multicultural considerations using the theoretical model Narrative theory provides one with the understanding of the numerous complex issues that face diverse people (Dobson, 2010). It is even established that schools find some difficulty in offering counsel to the students due to the cultural differences that are identifiable among the students. This is also the case for the counselors offering guidance and assistance to different participants. Moreover, clinical competency practices are required in the field of mental health due to the differences in the kind of services delivered to diverse ethnic groups. As such, cultural competency is important in offering therapy sessions. It is important for the therapist to consider some multicultural factors when attending to different individuals. Diversity, multiculturalism, as well as cultural competency are significant topics for the past four decades in dealing with mental health issues. For the counselor to have an inclusive approach in the counseling practice, they have to develop multicult ural competencies. This is important to ensure all the diverse backgrounds are considered. Some of the factors that a counselor needs to identify include clients culture, identity, race, gender, ethnicity, as well as other elements of diversity. These are factors that play a major role in the counseling process. Other factors that the counselor should consider during the counseling include spirituality, religion, maturity, socioeconomic class, geographic location, family history, as well as sexual orientation (Burton, 2010). The first step at ensuring cultural differences are not a hindrance to the counseling process is having knowledge of the differences between the counselor and the client. Self-reflection is, therefore, important in the process of becoming a culturally-competent counselor. One should identify the personal view on different issues, and compare them with those of the people different from them. This will be vital in ensuring one is able to identify personal feelings, prejudices, as well as stereotypical ideas that one has about the clients from different cultural backgrounds. Further, it is important for the professional counselor to understand all unique cultural differences in a continual process. As such, the counselor should embrace all the opportunities of gaining new skills from the different clients. Critical evaluation of the counseling session Describe the counseling relationship Counseling does not only involve exploring the core issues and gaining the diverse perspectives on the problems from a psychological perspective. It also involves building a rapport, as well as trust with the counselor (Creek Lougher, 2008). This is important in ensuring that the client feels comfortable enough so as to be in a position to share all the worries in a free manner. The relationship created between the counselor and the client is, therefore, one of the most important aspects in the therapy process. As such, this is the determinant between a positive and a negative counseling experience. To ensure this is done, the counselor must maintain a particular behavior pattern. As such, they must follow some requirements. A counselor should never impose their beliefs on a client, and should maintain impartial and non-judgment. In order for the counselor to ensure that the relationship with the client is effective, they need to ensure that the client to feel comfortable enough to express himself. There must be reciprocal trust, and the counselor has the duty of ensuring that the environment is confidential, and they should also offer empathy, understanding, and respect. As such, the counselor has to ensure that the one of his voice does not affect the relationship (Coetzer, 2006). They should also offer the client adequate time to collect thoughts and express their concerns and difficulties while encouraging the client to relax and talk freely. It is also established that some clients may have difficulty expressing themselves than others. To ensure the relationship is comfortable, the counselor must be aware that such clients require additional sensitivity. One may use open-ended questionnaires to encourage the client to open up. For the relationship between the counselor and the client to be effective, the counselor has to put all these factors into consideration. Role of the counselor The counselor must understand some of the duties that they have prior to getting into a therapy session with the client. The counselor must be likable, and should be in a position to exhibit interpersonal skills. They must also be flexible and able to meet all the needs of every individual by providing person-specific attention (Arkowitz Messer, 2004). Further, a counselor must be in a position to offer multiple sessions where the need arises. The counselor must also exhibit a caring attitude, and have something concrete and applied to offer to the clients. It is also the role of the counselor to offer facilitation to the client of solving the issues in question. They must also show genuine concern, as well as compassion for the dilemmas faced by clients. The counselor must also individualize the interaction with the client depending on the personality type of the client. It is also the duty of the counselor to encourage the client to draw their conclusion on the direction they choo se in resolving the problems. As such, the counselor should challenge the client to formulate a behavioral goal and address the ultimate objective.Bottom of Form Cognitive Behavior Theory The cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of talk therapy. The therapist works in a structured way, where one attends a limited number of sessions (Lemma, 2016). CBT assists one to become aware of all the negative and inaccurate thoughts so as to see the challenging situations. As such, one is in a position to see the situations clearly and analyze them well and respond to them in an effective way. CBT helps one to change the manner in which they think, and the way they behave. The changes help one feel better, as it focuses on the state happening at the moment (Jones-Smith, 2012). Rather than focusing on the events that took place in the past, this form of therapy focuses on the current happenings in ones life. As such, with the application of this form of therapy, the Mei Ling situation would be solved by considering the problems she is currently going through. Mei Ling was seeking counseling for depression. She described her symptoms as feeling down and depressed most of th e time. She also added that she would burst into tears and could not explain the reason. Further, going to work was difficult as she was not in a position to motivate herself. Additionally, she felt agitated, and was on the edge. She also felt short-tempered, and also lacked the strength to interact with other people. According to CBT, it is important to focus on the current issues, rather than looking at the past problems. As such, the problems that Mei Ling is experiencing are as a result of the negative thoughts she has. These thoughts include the feelings that her husband could be having an affair and their marriage could end. As such, the therapist will establish the problem to be as a result of these thoughts. Case Conceptualization as a Counselor Concepts used CBT applies the general concept while restructuring the approach to apply. In this case, the components of cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy are combined to identify a therapeutic structure to use. The practice follows six phases which include the psychological assessment which is the stage where the individuals thoughts are established. The second phase is the reconceptualization which comprises the most significant part of the process. The therapy then follow the third step which is skills acquisition where the skills to be used by the patient are identified (Norcross, Goldfried, 2005). The fourth stage is then followed where the skills are consolidated and training of the participant begins. The fifth step is the generalization and maintenance and in this case the sustenance of the skills possessed by the individual is ensured. Finally, the post-treatment evaluation and follow-up is done on the individual. The other concept used in CBT is the negative cognition where beha vioral-cognitive pathology is applied in tracing the focal point of CBT. The maladaptive behaviors are used as the major targets of the therapy. The CBT disturbances are categorized in three cognition underlying psychological disorders. First, the automatic thoughts of the individual are derived as well as from other people so as to establish the psychological disturbance. Secondly, the rules or immediate beliefs refer to the thoughts which are developed by the patient to the prospect of himself, as well as the other people who guide the person/s behaviors. Lastly, the major beliefs involve the thoughts that are developed by the patient which provide the main target of the therapy. The schemes are considered as the main components which influence ones views and beliefs systems, as well as the internal values. These are also in the determination of ones assumptions on the occurrences that happen in life (Smith, 2012). CBT therapeutic framework is further founded on dysfunctional behaviors which impact on a person/s behavior negatively contributing to the stressors. The cognitive theory also involves three schemes which include the connection of negative schemes. These include the self, the world environment, and the future. The patient views himself in a negative manner, otherwise known as cognitive schemes. First, they have a perception of themselves as helpless, deficient, or even unlovable. Secondly, they have a negative perception of the world, and end up withdrawing from everybody. Finally, they believe that the future will only bring further hardships, as well as deprivation and frustrations. Techniques used CBT follows an approach which is problem-based, where the process is oriented on actions as well as interventions. These are established on the consideration of the person/s thoughts which can destroy a persons behaviors (Psychodynamic treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, 2000). The intervention is comprised of some techniques which include the cognitive element which is based on the thoughts, as well as the beliefs of the individuals thoughts. The behaviors of the patient are explored Here the various elements including escape, avoidance, as well as the maladaptive developmental coping behaviors are established. Intervention component is then identified which comprise some elements. First, the realistic thinking is applied where the therapist makes the patient differentiate between the reality, and the cognitive stressors which are generated by tension. The self-instruction training is then done on the patient where the patient is provided with skills to assist them in coping with the tensions. The problem-solving step is then initiated where the therapist together with the therapist go ahead and evaluate the patient, assessing the response behaviors which are appropriate for the patient (Sadock, Sadock, Sadock, 2008). These are then combined with the social learning theory that is in support of the fundamental domain of the technique. The cognitive mediation is then grounded on the manner in which the individual behaves, as well as his emotions and physical reactions. The treatment, therefore, begins with two major occurrences or happenings. The first occurrence is the identification of the behaviors in the patient which do not go in line with the normal functioning, as well as the unhelpful behaviors. This is necessary as it helps in the identification of common knowledge which is present between the patient and the therapist. The second happening is the critical examination of the manner in which the behaviors of the patient were derived. Where these two factors are wel l established, the treatment process is carried out effectively. Multicultural considerations using theoretical model Multiculturalism is characterized by the theoretical, as well as philosophical mannerisms that culture varies between different people. The differences could be as a result of difference in norms, values, traditions, as well as worldviews (Tan, 2011). The cognitive behavior theory, therefore, puts into consideration these differences when identifying the issues and solving the problems affecting different patients. As such, there should be no superior and inferior treatment as all there should be the assumption of equality between all the individuals from all cultures. In the psychology field, multicultural counseling is defined as the therapy process which puts into consideration the treatment techniques, as well as the goals to be achieved after the therapy. The objectives are supposed to be in line with the cultural ties, life experiences, cultural values, as well as the diverse backgrounds (Seiler, 2008). The clinicians should, therefore, be familiar with the different background s and identities present in the world. The cultural factors which are given attention in the field of therapy include education, gender, religion, disabilities, indigenous heritage, national origin, age, generation influences, as well as the sexual orientation. In regard with these considerations, multicultural counseling lays focus on the issues relating to power, marginalization, as well as privilege. The major element in multicultural counseling is the ability to connect with connect with the clients who are influenced by development of the identity, as well as the diverse world perspectives.Bottom of Form There are many methods which can be used to enhance the elements of CBT for anxiety with the to ensure cultural sensitivity (Watts, 2003). This can for instance be achieved by ensuring that the clinicians clearly understand and appreciate the different experiences that may have been acquired by different clients. This can be achieved by the application of the therapeutic stance where multicultural perspective is combined with the perspective with CBT. This calls for the lesson on self-education (Weiner, 2003). This education is supposed to be based on issues such as beliefs, values, history, as well as the experiences. As such, the clients are in a position to connect with the clinicians in an effective manner. A therapist can also opt to invite discussion on issues that are marginalized. This can be done where the clinicians introduce their identities, and welcome the views of the client. Other than addressing the issue which could potentially be life experiences, other topics such as marginalization can be discussed giving the client space to state their own experiences (Woods, 2003). The clinician should then be in a position to identify the issues which bring anxiety to the client. The enhancement of the psychoeducation is also important in identifying issues that cause anxiety to the individual. Where one is dealing with patients who have been marginalized in the past, it is important to offer psychoeducation. The clinician should also adapt cognitive restructuring, and modify the exposure situations. Exposure is a common method in CBT treatment, and should be applied in dealing with patients who have been marginalized. Critical Evaluation of the Counseling Session The counseling relationship The cognitive behavior therapy has faced criticism often times as a result of its failure to recognize the role played by the therapeutic relationship. It is, however, important to note that this form of therapy puts into consideration various dimensions in overcoming therapy impasses. The clinician, together with the client can, therefore, establish a model which will enable them understand the significance of various concepts (Whitfield, Davidson, 2007). These include validation, victim resistance, self-handicapping, sunk-cost commitment, conceptualization factors, as well as the schematic mismatch. These factors are significant in enhancing the relationship between the patient and the therapist. Identifying these factors is important because it helps establish the raptures which may be present and that may affect the relationship between the two parties (Prochask Norcros, 2014). This, in turn, helps in resolving these issues, and hence getting rid of the barriers. The therapeuti c relationship helps to provide the opportunities which are used in the modification of the cognitive, as well as the emotional problems. This is in line with CBT, where there is the risk of the presence of foreshadowing by the techniques as well as the protocols which are applied. As such, it is important to ensure the relationship between the two parties is maintained, so as not to give credibility claims that CBT does not consider the importance of this relationship. Role of the counselor The success of the counseling sessions highly depends on how well the therapist plays his roles. As such, it is important for the counselor to establish what is required of him before engaging in the counseling process (Stricker, Widiger, Weiner, 2003). The counselor must understand some of the duties that they have prior to getting into a therapy session with the client. It is important for the therapist to possess some traits. The counselor must be likable, and should be in a position to exhibit interpersonal skills. They must also be flexible and able to meet all the needs of every individual by providing person-specific attention (Ronen, Freeman, 2007). Additionally, a counselor must be in a position to offer multiple sessions where the need arises. The counselor must also exhibit a caring attitude, and have something concrete and applied to offer to the clients. It is also the role of the counselor to offer facilitation to the client of solving the issues in question. They mus t also show genuine concern, as well as compassion for the dilemmas faced by clients. The counselor must also individualize the interaction with the client depending on the personality type of the client. It is also the duty of the counselor to encourage the client to draw their conclusion on the direction they choose in resolving the problems. As such, the counselor should challenge the client to formulate a behavioral goal and address the ultimate objective (Prout, Brown, 2007). In CBT, the client must identify the causes of the behaviors or symptoms that they are experiencing. This must be in relation to the occurrences that happened in the recent past. As such, the counselor should ensure that such happenings are identified and dealt with accordingly. This, will in turn, help the client to identify the most suitable way to handle the issues they are dealing with. References Arkowitz, H., Messer, S. B. (2004). Psychoanalytic therapy and behavior therapy: Is integration possible?. New York: Plenum Press. Coetzer, R. (2006). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A psychotherapeutic approach to loss and grief. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Creek, J., Lougher, L. (2008). Occupational therapy and mental health. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Dobson, K. S. (2010). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies. New York: Guilford Press. Burton, N. L. (2010). Psychiatry. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapman, R. A. (2006). The clinical use of hypnosis in cognitive behavior therapy: A practitioner's casebook. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Fransella, F. (2005). The Essential Practitioners Handbook of Personal Construct Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Fromme, D. K. (2011). Systems of psychotherapy: Dialectical tensions and integration. New York: Springe Hooley, J. M., Neale, J. M., Davison, G. C. (2009). Readings in abnormal psychology. New York: Wiley. Meichenbaum, D. (2007). Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach. Boston, MA: Springer US Norcross, J. C., Goldfried, M. R. (2005). Handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York: Oxford University Press. Jones-Smith, E. (2012). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: An integrative approach. London: SAGE Publications Lemma, A. (2016). Introduction to the practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Ogden, J. (2011). The Psychology of Eating: From Healthy to Disordered Behavior. Hoboken: Wiley. O'Donohue, W. T., Fisher, J. E. (2009). General Principles and Empirically Supported Techniques of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Macdonald, A. J. (2007). Solution-focused therapy: Theory, research practice. Los Angeles: SAGE. Meichenbaum, D. (2007). Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach. Boston, MA: Springer US Norcross, J. C. (2006). Handbook of eclectic psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel Perris, C., Blackburn, I. M., Perris, H. (2008). Cognitive Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Psychodynamic treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. (2000). New York: Guilford Press Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C. (2014). Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Prout, H. T., Brown, D. T. (2007). Counseling and Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents: Theory and Practice for School and Clinical Settings. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Ronen, T., Freeman, A. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy in clinical social work practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Stricker, G., Widiger, T. A., Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of Psychology, Volume 8, Clinical Psychology: Volume 8, Clinical Psychology. New York: John Wiley Sons. Smith, V. (2012). Key concepts in counseling and psychotherapy: A critical A-Z guide to theory. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., Sadock, B. J. (2008). Kaplan Sadock's concise textbook of clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Tan, S.-Y. (2011). Counseling and psychotherapy: A Christian perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic Seiler, L. (2008). Cool connections with cognitive behavioural therapy: Encouraging self- esteem, resilience and well-being in children and young people using CBT approaches. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Whitfield, G., Davidson, A. J. W. (2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy explained. Oxon: Radcliffe. Woods, J. (2003). Boys who have abused: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with victim- perpetrators of sexual abuse. London: J. Kingsley Watts, R. E. (2003). Adlerian, cognitive, and constructivist therapies: An integrative dialogue. New York: Springer Pub Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of psychology: 8. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Smu Mba Assignment free essay sample

What aggregate planning strategies influence supply? Aggregate planning is also used to manage supply considerations by using the following strategies: 1. Subcontracting (outsourcing). Subcontracting is a method of increasing capacity without incurring large capital investment charges. It can turn the competitive advantage of other corporations to the contracting organization`s advantage. However, subcontracting can be costly, and also reveals part of the business to potential competitors. 2. Overtime and idle time. A direct short-term strategy for managing production capacity is to either increase or decrease the number of the work force. This strategy has the advantage of utilizing the currently existing work force. However, overtime is expensive and can produce job burnout if relied upon too extensively. On the other hand, enforcing idle time on the work force can result in resistance as well as a drop in morale. 3. Hiring and laying off employees. Hiring and laying off employees is a medium- to long-term strategy for increasing or decreasing capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Smu Mba Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hiring employees usually involves the cost of training while laying off employees can incur severance charges. Laying off employees can also cause labor difficulties with unions and reduce morale A few minutes before the end of a live broadcast show, followed by another live broadcast show, people from both programmes will share some air time together. This may be used for people from the starting programme to anticipate its contents of the day, or to participate in an ongoing discussion in the previous show, or simply for an entirely independent debate or chat that will not be furthered after the â€Å"pase†. On the radio, where newscasts are usually broadcast every thirty minutes, often in coincidence with the end of a show, the â€Å"pase† may take some minutes before the news, and sometimes some minutes afterwards, too.

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms

Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms By Maeve Maddox When reading articles on the web, especially those on personal blogs, if I see one grammatical error I hesitate to be too critical. Typos happen. When I see the same error a second time, I sense a problem. Here are examples of the same error that occurred in two separate posts on the same site. They really stood out because overall the blogger was writing standard English. Ive began to feed she has began disciplining Television dins incorrect forms into our ears every hour of every day, and not many teachers outside the English classroom insist that their students speak a standard dialect at school. Errors with the few remaining English irregular verbs are bound to proliferate. The most common errors with irregular verbs occur with the past participle form. The past participle is the form of the verb that is used with the auxiliaries has, have, and had. The usual error is that the writer or speaker uses the simple past where the past participle is called for. Most English verbs form the simple past and the past participle by adding -ed to the simple present, but about 150 common English verbs do not. More than half of these irregular verbs do not present a problem with the past participle because its the same as the simple past. For example: fight fought [have] fought find found [have] found cling clung [have] clung feed fed [have] fed That leaves 65-70 irregular verbs whose past participle form is different from the simple past form. For example: go went [have] gone begin began [have] begun see saw [have] seen Most ESL sites include alphabetical lists of common irregular English verbs. If youd like to see a breakdown of the irregular verbs according to the form of the past participle, Ive categorized them on my AmericanEnglishDoctor teaching site: Category One: simple present, simple past, and past participle all spelled the same: Ex. cut cut cut Category Two: simple past and past participle spelled the same: Ex. find found found Category Three: past participle different from simple past: Ex. begin began begun Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsA While vs AwhileEducational vs. Educative